Psychiatry.org E Cigarettes and Vaping Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) Therapeutics Market Report Global Forecast From 2025 To 2033 VAP = Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Think it in any ventilated patient with: Fever Purulent secretions New infiltrate on CXR Worsening oxygenation Prevention Head elevation NIH funded studies show damaging effects of vaping, smoking on blood vessels National Institutes of Health (NIH) A qualitative assessment of the diagnosis and management of ventilator associated pneumonia among critical care clinicians exploring opportunities for diagnostic stewardship Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology Cambridge Core UCLA study finds even short term vaping poses significant risk to health Daily Bruin